Let / Make / Have / Get Let FORM let + PERSON + VERB USE This construction means "to allow someone to do something." EXAMPLES: John let me drive his new car. Will your parents let you go to the party? I don't know if my boss will let me take the day off.
Make FORM make + PERSON + VERB USE This construction means "to force someone to do something." EXAMPLES: My teacher made me apologize for what I had said. Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat? She made her children do their homework.
Have FORM have + PERSON + VERB USE This construction means "to give someone the responsibility to do something." EXAMPLES: Dr. Smith had his nurse take the patient's temperature. Please have your secretary fax me the information. I had the mechanic check the brakes.
Get FORM get + PERSON + to + VERB USE This construction usually means "to convince to do something" or "to trick someone into doing something." EXAMPLES: Susie got her son to take the medicine even though it tasted terrible. How can parents get their children to read more? The government TV commercials are trying to get people to stop smoking.
Get vs. Have Sometimes "get someone to do something" is interchangeable with "have someone do something," but these expressions do not mean exactly the same thing. EXAMPLES: I got the mechanic to check my brakes. At first the mechanic didn't think it was necessary, but I convinced him to check the brakes. I had the mechanic check my brakes. I asked the mechanic to check the brakes.
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Prepositions of Direction: To, On(to), In(to) This handout explains prepositions that express movement toward something: to, onto, and into. First, the prepositions will be introduced as a group. Then, the special uses of each one will be discussed. To, into, and onto correspond respectively to the prepositions of location at, in, and on. Each pair can be defined by the same spatial relations of point, line/surface, or area/volume. Introduction 1. The basic preposition of a direction is "to." TO: signifies orientation toward a goal When the goal is physical, such as a destination, "to" implies movement in the direction of the goal. (1) Sa'id returned to his apartment.
When the goal is not a physical place, for instance, an action, "to" marks a verb; it is attached as an infinitive and expresses purpose. The preposition may occur alone or in the phrase in order. (2) Li Ling washed her dog (in order) to rid it of fleas. The two uses can also occur together in a single sentence:
________________________________________ 2. The other two prepositions of direction are compounds formed by adding "to" to the corresponding prepositions of location. The preposition of location determines the meaning of the preposition of direction. ON + TO = onto: signifies movement toward a surface
IN + TO = into: signifies movement toward the interior of a volume
("To" is part of the directional preposition toward, and the two mean about the same thing.) ________________________________________ 3. With many verbs of motion, "on" and "in" have a directional meaning and can be used along with "onto" and "into". (See the sections below for some exceptions to this rule.) This is why "to" is inside parentheses in the title of the handout, showing that it is somewhat optional with the compound prepositions. Thus, the following sentences are roughly synonymous: (4) Tai-shing jumped in/into the pool.
(5) Porfirio fell on/onto the floor.
(6) The crab washed up on/onto the shore.
To the extent that these pairs do differ, the compound preposition conveys the completion of an action, while the simple preposition points to the position of the subject as a result of that action. This distinction helps us understand how directional and locational prepositions are related: they stand in the relationship of cause and effect. Completion of an Action Position of Subject (7) Jean fell on(to) the floor. Jean is on the floor.
(8) Susumu dived in(to) the water. Susumu is in the water.
________________________________________ Uses of "to" To occurs with several classes of verbs. 1. verb + to + infinitive Verbs in this group express willingness, desire, intention, or obligation. • willingness: be willing, consent, refuse • desire: desire, want, wish, like, ask, request, prefer • intention: intend, plan, prepare • obligation: be obligated, have, need Examples: (9) I refuse to allow you to intimidate me with your threats. (10) I'd like to ask her how long she's been skiing. (11) I plan to graduate this summer. (12) Henry had to pay his tuition at the Bursar's office. 2. In other cases "to" is used as an ordinary preposition. • verbs of communication: listen, speak (but not tell), relate, appeal (in the sense of 'plead,' not 'be attractive') • verbs of movement: move, go, transfer, walk/run/swim/ride/drive/ fly, travel Except for transfer, all the verbs in (2b) can take toward as well as to. However, "to" suggests movement toward a specific destination, while "toward" suggests movement in a general direction, without necessarily arriving at a destination: (13) Drive toward the city limits and turn north. (Drive in the direction of the city limits; turnoff may be before arriving there.)
(14) The plane was headed toward a mountain. (It was headed in the direction of a mountain; it may not have reached or hit the mountain.)
(15) Take me to the airport, please. (I actually want to arrive at the airport.)
________________________________________ Uses of "onto" 1. "Onto" can generally be replaced by "on" with verbs of motion. (16) Dietrich jumped on(to) the mat.
(17) Huan fell on(to) the floor.
(18) Athena climbed on(to) the back of the truck.
2. Some verbs of motion express the idea that the subject causes itself or some physical object to be situated in a certain place (compare #15-17 above). Of these verbs, some take only "on". Others take both on and onto, with the latter being preferred by some speakers. (19) The plane landed on the runway. (not onto the runway) (20) Sam hung the decoration on the Christmas tree. (not onto the tree) (21) He placed the package on the table. (not onto the table) (22) Joanna spilled her Coke on the rug. (not onto the rug) (23) Samir moved the chair on(to) the deck. (24) The crane lowered the roof on(to) the house. (25) The baby threw the pot on(to) the floor. Verbs taking only "on" are rare: set may be another one, and so perhaps is put. Other verbs taking bo
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THE DEMONSTRATIVES THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE 1. Function The demonstratives this, that, these, those ,show where an object or person is in relation to the speaker. This (singular) and these (plural) refer to an object or person near the speaker. That (singular) and those (plural) refer to an object or person further away. It can be a physical closeness or distance as in: Who owns that house? (distant) Is this John's house? (near) Or it can be a psychological distance as in: That's nothing to do with me.. (distant) This is a nice surprise! (near) 2. Position a) Before the noun. b) Before the word 'one'. c) Before an adjective + noun. d) Alone when the noun is 'understood'. Examples: This car looks cleaner than that one. This old world keeps turning round Do you remember that wonderful day in June? I'll never forget this.
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THE POSSESSIVES Possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives show who the thing belongs to. PERSON ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS 1st (I) my mine 2nd (you) your yours 3rd (he) his his (she) her hers (it) it its Plural 1st (we) our ours 2nd (you) your yours 3rd (they) their theirs NOTE: In English, possessive adjectives and pronouns refer to the possessor, not the object or person that is possessed. Example: Jane's brother is married to John's sister. Her brother is married to his sister. Examples: a. Peter and his sister. b. Jane and her father. c. Do you know where your books are? d. Is this their picnic? No, it is ours. e. I think this is your passport. Yes, it is mine.
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DEFINITE ARTICLE THE Articles in English are invariable. That is, they do not change according to the gender or number of the noun they refer to, e.g. the boy, the woman, the children 'The' is used: 1. to refer to something which has already been mentioned. Example: An elephant and a mouse fell in love. The mouse loved the elephant's long trunk, and the elephant loved the mouse's tiny nose. 2. when both the speaker and listener know what is being talked about, even if it has not been mentioned before. Example: 'Where's the bathroom?' 'It's on the first floor.' 3. in sentences or clauses where we define or identify a particular person or object: Examples: The man who wrote this book is famous. 'Which car did you scratch?' 'The red one. My house is the one with a blue door.' 4. to refer to objects we regard as unique: Examples: the sun, the moon, the world 5. before superlatives and ordinal numbers: Examples: the highest building, the first page, the last chapter. 6. with adjectives, to refer to a whole group of people: Examples: the Japanese , the old 7. with names of geographical areas and oceans: Examples: the Caribbean, the Sahara, the Atlantic 8. with decades, or groups of years: Example: she grew up in the seventies
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INDEFINITE ARTICLE A / AN Use 'a' with nouns starting with a consonant (letters that are not vowels), 'an' with nouns starting with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) Examples: A boy An apple A car An orange A house An opera NOTE: An before an h mute - an hour, an honour. A before u and eu when they sound like 'you': a european, a university, a unit The indefinite article is used: • to refer to something for the first time: An elephant and a mouse fell in love. Would you like a drink? I've finally got a good job. • to refer to a particular member of a group or class Examples: o with names of jobs: John is a doctor. Mary is training to be an engineer. He wants to be a dancer. o with nationalities and religions: John is an Englishman. Kate is a Catholic. o with musical instruments: Sherlock Holmes was playing a violin when the visitor arrived. (BUT to describe the activity we say "He plays the violin.") o with names of days: I was born on a Thursday • to refer to a kind of, or example of something: the mouse had a tiny nose the elephant had a long trunk it was a very strange car • with singular nouns, after the words 'what' and 'such': What a shame! She's such a beautiful girl. • meaning 'one', referring to a single object or person: I'd like an orange and two lemons please. The burglar took a diamond necklace and a valuable painting. Notice also that we usually say a hundred, a thousand, a million. NOTE: that we use 'one' to add emphasis or to contrast with other numbers: I don't know one person who likes eating elephant meat. We've got six computers but only one printer.
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EXCEPTIONS TO USING THE DEFINITE ARTICLE There is no article: • with names of countries (if singular) Germany is an important economic power. He's just returned from Zimbabwe. (But: I'm visiting the United States next week.) • with the names of languages French is spoken in Tahiti. English uses many words of Latin origin. Indonesian is a relatively new language. • with the names of meals. Lunch is at midday. Dinner is in the evening. Breakfast is the first meal of the day. • with people's names (if singular): John's coming to the party. George King is my uncle. (But: we're having lunch with the Morgans tomorrow.) • with titles and names: Prince Charles is Queen Elizabeth's son. President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. Dr. Watson was Sherlock Holmes' friend. (But: the Queen of England, the Pope.) • After the 's possessive case: His brother's car. Peter's house. • with professions: Engineering is a useful career. He'll probably go into medicine. • with names of shops: I'll get the card at Smith's. Can you go to Boots for me? • with years: 1948 was a wonderful year. Do you remember 1995? • With uncountable nouns: Rice is the main food in Asia. Milk is often added to tea in England. War is destructive. • with the names of individual mountains, lakes and islands: Mount McKinley is the highest mountain in Alaska. She lives near Lake Windermere. Have you visited Long Island? • with most names of towns, streets, stations and airports: Victoria Station is in the centre of London. Can you direct me to Bond Street? She lives in Florence. They're flying from Heathrow. • in some fixed expressions, for example: by car by train by air on foot on holiday on air (in broadcasting) at school at work at University in church in prison in bed
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FORM ADJECTIVE + ly (There are also irregular adverbs such as "well.") USE 1 Adverbs can be used to modify verbs. EXAMPLES: John walked quickly towards the door. Sally sat silently waiting for somebody else to speak first. USE 2 Adverbs can be used to modify adjectives. EXAMPLES: The redwood tree was impressively tall. The blouse was outrageously expensive. USE 3 Adverbs can be used to modify other adverbs. EXAMPLES: She spoke extremely confidently. The cheetah ran incredibly quickly.
Adjectives FORM There are many different adjective endings including "-ive," "-ous," "-y," "-ful," "-ent" and many others. "Attractive," "envious," "lazy," "beautiful," and "intelligent" are all adjectives. USE 1 Adjectives can be used to modify nouns. EXAMPLES: Jack drives a big car. Sally writes beautiful poems.
USE 2 Adjectives often follow Linking Verbs. (See Linking Verbs description below.) EXAMPLES: Max is tall. Sandra seems mad.
Linking Verbs LIST to appear to be to become to feel to get to go to grow to look to prove to remain to seem to smell to sound to stay to taste to turn
USE The Linking Verbs above are often followed by adjectives instead of adverbs. In such situations, the adjective describes the subject of the sentence rather than the verb. EXAMPLES: Mary seemed sad. CORRECT Mary seemed sadly. NOT CORRECT The cake tastes good. CORRECT The cake tastes well. NOT CORRECT The train is slow. James grew tired. Sarah remained calm. The milk went bad. The seas turned rough. The negotiations proved pointless.
IMPORTANT The verbs in the list above are not always used as Linking Verbs. Compare the examples below. EXAMPLES: Sally grew angry. ("Angry" describes Sally. In this sentence, "to grow" is being used as a Linking Verb.) The plant grew quickly. ("Quickly" does not describe the plant, it describes the manner in which it grows. In this sentence, "to grow" is not being used as a Linking Verb.)
28.04.2007. (19:59)
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We can tell about what someone said in two ways. We can use the exact words of the speaker or writer. This is called quoted speech. We must put quotations marks at the beginning and at the end of the quote. For example: "I don't like your attitude," Joanna said to Jill.
Another way to tell about what someone said is to change the quote into a noun phrase. This is called reported speech. For example: Jill said that it wasn't his fault.
5. Reported Speech-Statements
The most common verbs used to report statements are say and tell. When tell is used in reporting speech, it is always followed by a noun or a pronoun indicating the person spoken to. For example: Mike said that we were going to the beach on the weekend. Mike told us that we were going to the beach on the weekend.
Other reported speech verbs commonly used are: add, admit, claim, declare, explain, indicate, mention, observe, state, reply, point out, etc.
it is important to note that if a statement was put into reported speech, the reporting verb is usually in the simple past and the verb in the reported statement is usually changed to a past tense.
Simple past =======> simple past
present progressive =======> past progressive
present perfect =======> past perfect
will =======> would
can =======> could "You are working hard," my teacher said to me.-> The teacher announced that I was working hard.
6. Reported Speech- Questions
Yes/No questions in reported speech begin with the word if or whether. Information questions (Who, what, etc.) in reported speech begin with the question word and also use the statement word order. The most common verb to report questions is ask. For example: "Is the fire under control?" (Mike to John) Mike asked John if the fire was under control.
"How did you pass the test?" Mary to Pete. Mary asked Pete how he had past the test.
7. Reported Speech-Imperatives
When we report orders, suggestions, or requests, we can use a verb like tell, order, request, ask, warn, urge plus a noun or pronoun followed by an infinitive. For example: "Drive carefully," the man said to Cris. The man told Cris to drive carefully.
"Don't touch the art works," the teacher warned the kids. The teacher warned the kids not to touch the art works.
28.04.2007. (19:59)
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blog ti je fakat preeejeben...ajd ak imas nekaj trebam napisati esej kao uvod u maturalni rad o antigoni i hamletu i usporediti i zaciniti svojim misljenjem kojeg ja sto se te teme tice nemam!!plizzz help.i jel znas neku dobru literaturu iz koje da vadim sve za rad ...
02.05.2007. (11:47)
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neko
super ti je blog,a imaš li možda nešto o povijesti hrvatskog jezika ili iz kemije o ugljikohidratima?
05.05.2007. (11:50)
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ej! fenomenalan blog! od tebe sam uzela odgovore iz hrv. za ispit, tocno je bilo sve sto mi treba:) fala, fala :D vidim da si dosta snalazljiva, ajd objavi nesto o transferu tehnologije ako pronades, ja se mucim vec neko vrijeme s knjigama iz knjiznice...to mi je maturalna tema iz vanjske trgovine i treba mi do sijecnja :D
10.12.2007. (21:38)
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suska
ima li možda riješenja tko iz matematike trebam do pon. molim te. pohvala blogu puno si pomogla u riješavanju pitanja iz hrv. pozz
03.06.2008. (20:14)
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bosanac
ejjjjjjj
svaka ti cast za ovaj blog super si ga napravila...
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trpanjci
EJ EVO JOS MALO ENGLESKE GRAMATIKE..NADAM SE DA CE BIT OD KORISTI..
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trpanjci
Let / Make / Have / Get
Let
FORM
let + PERSON + VERB
USE
This construction means "to allow someone to do something."
EXAMPLES:
John let me drive his new car.
Will your parents let you go to the party?
I don't know if my boss will let me take the day off.
Make
FORM
make + PERSON + VERB
USE
This construction means "to force someone to do something."
EXAMPLES:
My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.
Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat?
She made her children do their homework.
Have
FORM
have + PERSON + VERB
USE
This construction means "to give someone the responsibility to do something."
EXAMPLES:
Dr. Smith had his nurse take the patient's temperature.
Please have your secretary fax me the information.
I had the mechanic check the brakes.
Get
FORM
get + PERSON + to + VERB
USE
This construction usually means "to convince to do something" or "to trick someone into doing something."
EXAMPLES:
Susie got her son to take the medicine even though it tasted terrible.
How can parents get their children to read more?
The government TV commercials are trying to get people to stop smoking.
Get vs. Have
Sometimes "get someone to do something" is interchangeable with "have someone do something," but these expressions do not mean exactly the same thing.
EXAMPLES:
I got the mechanic to check my brakes.
At first the mechanic didn't think it was necessary, but I convinced him to check the brakes.
I had the mechanic check my brakes.
I asked the mechanic to check the brakes.
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trpanjci
Prepositions of Direction: To, On(to), In(to)
This handout explains prepositions that express movement toward something: to, onto, and into. First, the prepositions will be introduced as a group. Then, the special uses of each one will be discussed.
To, into, and onto correspond respectively to the prepositions of location at, in, and on. Each pair can be defined by the same spatial relations of point, line/surface, or area/volume.
Introduction
1. The basic preposition of a direction is "to."
TO: signifies orientation toward a goal
When the goal is physical, such as a destination, "to" implies movement in the direction of the goal.
(1) Sa'id returned to his apartment.
When the goal is not a physical place, for instance, an action, "to" marks a verb; it is attached as an infinitive and expresses purpose. The preposition may occur alone or in the phrase in order.
(2) Li Ling washed her dog (in order) to rid it of fleas.
The two uses can also occur together in a single sentence:
________________________________________
2. The other two prepositions of direction are compounds formed by adding "to" to the corresponding prepositions of location.
The preposition of location determines the meaning of the preposition of direction.
ON + TO = onto: signifies movement toward a surface
IN + TO = into: signifies movement toward the interior of a volume
("To" is part of the directional preposition toward, and the two mean about the same thing.)
________________________________________
3. With many verbs of motion, "on" and "in" have a directional meaning and can be used along with "onto" and "into".
(See the sections below for some exceptions to this rule.) This is why "to" is inside parentheses in the title of the handout, showing that it is somewhat optional with the compound prepositions. Thus, the following sentences are roughly synonymous:
(4) Tai-shing jumped in/into the pool.
(5) Porfirio fell on/onto the floor.
(6) The crab washed up on/onto the shore.
To the extent that these pairs do differ, the compound preposition conveys the completion of an action, while the simple preposition points to the position of the subject as a result of that action. This distinction helps us understand how directional and locational prepositions are related: they stand in the relationship of cause and effect.
Completion of an Action Position of Subject
(7) Jean fell on(to) the floor.
Jean is on the floor.
(8) Susumu dived in(to) the water.
Susumu is in the water.
________________________________________
Uses of "to"
To occurs with several classes of verbs.
1. verb + to + infinitive
Verbs in this group express willingness, desire, intention, or obligation.
• willingness: be willing, consent, refuse
• desire: desire, want, wish, like, ask, request, prefer
• intention: intend, plan, prepare
• obligation: be obligated, have, need
Examples:
(9) I refuse to allow you to intimidate me with your threats.
(10) I'd like to ask her how long she's been skiing.
(11) I plan to graduate this summer.
(12) Henry had to pay his tuition at the Bursar's office.
2. In other cases "to" is used as an ordinary preposition.
• verbs of communication: listen, speak (but not tell), relate, appeal (in the sense of 'plead,' not 'be attractive')
• verbs of movement: move, go, transfer, walk/run/swim/ride/drive/ fly, travel
Except for transfer, all the verbs in (2b) can take toward as well as to. However, "to" suggests movement toward a specific destination, while "toward" suggests movement in a general direction, without necessarily arriving at a destination:
(13) Drive toward the city limits and turn north.
(Drive in the direction of the city limits; turnoff may be before arriving there.)
(14) The plane was headed toward a mountain.
(It was headed in the direction of a mountain; it may not have reached or hit the mountain.)
(15) Take me to the airport, please.
(I actually want to arrive at the airport.)
________________________________________
Uses of "onto"
1. "Onto" can generally be replaced by "on" with verbs of motion.
(16) Dietrich jumped on(to) the mat.
(17) Huan fell on(to) the floor.
(18) Athena climbed on(to) the back of the truck.
2. Some verbs of motion express the idea that the subject causes itself or some physical object to be situated in a certain place (compare #15-17 above).
Of these verbs, some take only "on". Others take both on and onto, with the latter being preferred by some speakers.
(19) The plane landed on the runway. (not onto the runway)
(20) Sam hung the decoration on the Christmas tree. (not onto the tree)
(21) He placed the package on the table. (not onto the table)
(22) Joanna spilled her Coke on the rug. (not onto the rug)
(23) Samir moved the chair on(to) the deck.
(24) The crane lowered the roof on(to) the house.
(25) The baby threw the pot on(to) the floor.
Verbs taking only "on" are rare: set may be another one, and so perhaps is put. Other verbs taking bo
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trpanjci
THE DEMONSTRATIVES
THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE
1. Function
The demonstratives this, that, these, those ,show where an object or person is in relation to the speaker.
This (singular) and these (plural) refer to an object or person near the speaker. That (singular) and those (plural) refer to an object or person further away. It can be a physical closeness or distance as in:
Who owns that house? (distant)
Is this John's house? (near)
Or it can be a psychological distance as in:
That's nothing to do with me.. (distant)
This is a nice surprise! (near)
2. Position
a) Before the noun.
b) Before the word 'one'.
c) Before an adjective + noun.
d) Alone when the noun is 'understood'.
Examples:
This car looks cleaner than that one.
This old world keeps turning round
Do you remember that wonderful day in June?
I'll never forget this.
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trpanjci
THE POSSESSIVES
Possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives show who the thing belongs to.
PERSON ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS
1st (I) my mine
2nd (you) your yours
3rd (he) his his
(she) her hers
(it) it its
Plural
1st (we) our ours
2nd (you) your yours
3rd (they) their theirs
NOTE: In English, possessive adjectives and pronouns refer to the possessor, not the object or person that is possessed.
Example:
Jane's brother is married to John's sister.
Her brother is married to his sister.
Examples:
a. Peter and his sister.
b. Jane and her father.
c. Do you know where your books are?
d. Is this their picnic? No, it is ours.
e. I think this is your passport. Yes, it is mine.
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trpanjci
DEFINITE ARTICLE
THE
Articles in English are invariable. That is, they do not change according to the gender or number of the noun they refer to, e.g. the boy, the woman, the children
'The' is used:
1. to refer to something which has already been mentioned.
Example: An elephant and a mouse fell in love.
The mouse loved the elephant's long trunk,
and the elephant loved the mouse's tiny nose.
2. when both the speaker and listener know what is being talked about, even if it has not been mentioned before.
Example: 'Where's the bathroom?'
'It's on the first floor.'
3. in sentences or clauses where we define or identify a particular person or object:
Examples: The man who wrote this book is famous.
'Which car did you scratch?' 'The red one.
My house is the one with a blue door.'
4. to refer to objects we regard as unique:
Examples: the sun, the moon, the world
5. before superlatives and ordinal numbers:
Examples: the highest building, the first page, the last chapter.
6. with adjectives, to refer to a whole group of people:
Examples: the Japanese , the old
7. with names of geographical areas and oceans:
Examples: the Caribbean, the Sahara, the Atlantic
8. with decades, or groups of years:
Example: she grew up in the seventies
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trpanjci
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
A / AN
Use 'a' with nouns starting with a consonant (letters that are not vowels),
'an' with nouns starting with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u)
Examples:
A boy
An apple
A car
An orange
A house
An opera
NOTE:
An before an h mute - an hour, an honour.
A before u and eu when they sound like 'you': a european, a university, a unit
The indefinite article is used:
• to refer to something for the first time:
An elephant and a mouse fell in love.
Would you like a drink?
I've finally got a good job.
• to refer to a particular member of a group or class
Examples:
o with names of jobs:
John is a doctor.
Mary is training to be an engineer.
He wants to be a dancer.
o with nationalities and religions:
John is an Englishman.
Kate is a Catholic.
o with musical instruments:
Sherlock Holmes was playing a violin when the visitor arrived.
(BUT to describe the activity we say "He plays the violin.")
o with names of days:
I was born on a Thursday
• to refer to a kind of, or example of something:
the mouse had a tiny nose
the elephant had a long trunk
it was a very strange car
• with singular nouns, after the words 'what' and 'such':
What a shame!
She's such a beautiful girl.
• meaning 'one', referring to a single object or person:
I'd like an orange and two lemons please.
The burglar took a diamond necklace and a valuable painting.
Notice also that we usually say a hundred, a thousand, a million.
NOTE: that we use 'one' to add emphasis or to contrast with other numbers:
I don't know one person who likes eating elephant meat.
We've got six computers but only one printer.
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trpanjci
EXCEPTIONS TO USING THE DEFINITE ARTICLE
There is no article:
• with names of countries (if singular)
Germany is an important economic power.
He's just returned from Zimbabwe.
(But: I'm visiting the United States next week.)
• with the names of languages
French is spoken in Tahiti.
English uses many words of Latin origin.
Indonesian is a relatively new language.
• with the names of meals.
Lunch is at midday.
Dinner is in the evening.
Breakfast is the first meal of the day.
• with people's names (if singular):
John's coming to the party.
George King is my uncle.
(But: we're having lunch with the Morgans tomorrow.)
• with titles and names:
Prince Charles is Queen Elizabeth's son.
President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas.
Dr. Watson was Sherlock Holmes' friend.
(But: the Queen of England, the Pope.)
• After the 's possessive case:
His brother's car.
Peter's house.
• with professions:
Engineering is a useful career.
He'll probably go into medicine.
• with names of shops:
I'll get the card at Smith's.
Can you go to Boots for me?
• with years:
1948 was a wonderful year.
Do you remember 1995?
• With uncountable nouns:
Rice is the main food in Asia.
Milk is often added to tea in England.
War is destructive.
• with the names of individual mountains, lakes and islands:
Mount McKinley is the highest mountain in Alaska.
She lives near Lake Windermere.
Have you visited Long Island?
• with most names of towns, streets, stations and airports:
Victoria Station is in the centre of London.
Can you direct me to Bond Street?
She lives in Florence.
They're flying from Heathrow.
• in some fixed expressions, for example:
by car
by train
by air
on foot
on holiday
on air (in broadcasting) at school
at work
at University
in church
in prison
in bed
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trpanjci
Adverbs / Adjectives / Linking Verbs
Adverbs
FORM
ADJECTIVE + ly
(There are also irregular adverbs such as "well.")
USE 1
Adverbs can be used to modify verbs.
EXAMPLES:
John walked quickly towards the door.
Sally sat silently waiting for somebody else to speak first.
USE 2
Adverbs can be used to modify adjectives.
EXAMPLES:
The redwood tree was impressively tall.
The blouse was outrageously expensive.
USE 3
Adverbs can be used to modify other adverbs.
EXAMPLES:
She spoke extremely confidently.
The cheetah ran incredibly quickly.
Adjectives
FORM
There are many different adjective endings including "-ive," "-ous," "-y," "-ful," "-ent" and many others. "Attractive," "envious," "lazy," "beautiful," and "intelligent" are all adjectives.
USE 1
Adjectives can be used to modify nouns.
EXAMPLES:
Jack drives a big car.
Sally writes beautiful poems.
USE 2
Adjectives often follow Linking Verbs. (See Linking Verbs description below.)
EXAMPLES:
Max is tall.
Sandra seems mad.
Linking Verbs
LIST
to appear
to be
to become
to feel
to get
to go
to grow
to look
to prove
to remain
to seem
to smell
to sound
to stay
to taste
to turn
USE
The Linking Verbs above are often followed by adjectives instead of adverbs. In such situations, the adjective describes the subject of the sentence rather than the verb.
EXAMPLES:
Mary seemed sad. CORRECT
Mary seemed sadly. NOT CORRECT
The cake tastes good. CORRECT
The cake tastes well. NOT CORRECT
The train is slow.
James grew tired.
Sarah remained calm.
The milk went bad.
The seas turned rough.
The negotiations proved pointless.
IMPORTANT
The verbs in the list above are not always used as Linking Verbs. Compare the examples below.
EXAMPLES:
Sally grew angry.
("Angry" describes Sally. In this sentence, "to grow" is being used as a Linking Verb.)
The plant grew quickly.
("Quickly" does not describe the plant, it describes the manner in which it grows. In this sentence, "to grow" is not being used as a Linking Verb.)
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trpanjci
REPORTED SPEECH
Reported Speech- Pronouns
We can tell about what someone said in two ways. We can use the exact words of the speaker or writer. This is called quoted speech. We must put quotations marks at the beginning and at the end of the quote. For example:
"I don't like your attitude," Joanna said to Jill.
Another way to tell about what someone said is to change the quote into a noun phrase. This is called reported speech. For example:
Jill said that it wasn't his fault.
5. Reported Speech-Statements
The most common verbs used to report statements are say and tell. When tell is used in reporting speech, it is always followed by a noun or a pronoun indicating the person spoken to. For example:
Mike said that we were going to the beach on the weekend.
Mike told us that we were going to the beach on the weekend.
Other reported speech verbs commonly used are: add, admit, claim, declare, explain, indicate, mention, observe, state, reply, point out, etc.
it is important to note that if a statement was put into reported speech, the reporting verb is usually in the simple past and the verb in the reported statement is usually changed to a past tense.
Simple past =======> simple past
present progressive =======> past progressive
present perfect =======> past perfect
will =======> would
can =======> could
"You are working hard," my teacher said to me.-> The teacher announced that I was working hard.
6. Reported Speech- Questions
Yes/No questions in reported speech begin with the word if or whether. Information questions (Who, what, etc.) in reported speech begin with the question word and also use the statement word order.
The most common verb to report questions is ask. For example:
"Is the fire under control?" (Mike to John)
Mike asked John if the fire was under control.
"How did you pass the test?" Mary to Pete.
Mary asked Pete how he had past the test.
7. Reported Speech-Imperatives
When we report orders, suggestions, or requests, we can use a verb like tell, order, request, ask, warn, urge plus a noun or pronoun followed by an infinitive. For example:
"Drive carefully," the man said to Cris.
The man told Cris to drive carefully.
"Don't touch the art works," the teacher warned the kids.
The teacher warned the kids not to touch the art works.
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occhi da orientale
blog ti je fakat preeejeben...ajd ak imas nekaj trebam napisati esej kao uvod u maturalni rad o antigoni i hamletu i usporediti i zaciniti svojim misljenjem kojeg ja sto se te teme tice nemam!!plizzz help.i jel znas neku dobru literaturu iz koje da vadim sve za rad ...
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neko
super ti je blog,a imaš li možda nešto o povijesti hrvatskog jezika ili iz kemije o ugljikohidratima?
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tree hill zauvjek
predosadan ti je blog
sorry
ali to je istina
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jA
ej! fenomenalan blog! od tebe sam uzela odgovore iz hrv. za ispit, tocno je bilo sve sto mi treba:)
fala, fala :D
vidim da si dosta snalazljiva, ajd objavi nesto o transferu tehnologije ako pronades, ja se mucim vec neko vrijeme s knjigama iz knjiznice...to mi je maturalna tema iz vanjske trgovine i treba mi do sijecnja :D
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suska
ima li možda riješenja tko iz matematike trebam do pon. molim te. pohvala blogu puno si pomogla u riješavanju pitanja iz hrv. pozz
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